Publications

Rodriguez, Ana Paula

El documento analisa la situación de los migrantes y refugiados en la frontera entre Polonia y Bielorrusia en noviembre de 2021. 

Rodrigues, Karina F., Bravo e Paiva, Ana Luiza

Apesar de ser um termo controverso, que por muitas vezes é ligado a ações ilegais, o lobby permeia parte da literatura de formulação de políticas públicas. Fato é que diferentes grupos de interesse necessitam se organizar para, de alguma forma, influenciar o processo decisório. O setor da Defesa, por sua vez, apresenta uma configuração particular que impõe especificidades à análise da atuação de grupos de pressão: é um mercado caracterizado por uma alta relevância dos atores privados, já que há poucas empresas atuantes, altamente dependentes das políticas de governo. A partir deste contexto, pretende-se analisar como o debate sobre a institucionalização do lobby no Brasil vem se desenvolvendo e como a demora ou ausência de regulamentação afeta o lobby em Defesa. Conclui-se que a relutância na regulamentação desta prática resulta de um desconhecimento conceitual do tema, que ao se institucionalizar pode gerar maior transparência e accountability.

Ana Paula Rodriguez, Sabrina Medeiros, Ana Beatriz Duarte, Luzia Becker, Lygia Hryniewicz

InterAgency Institute activities report at the Fundamental Rights Forum Event, on October 11, 2021. The event, based in Vienna, had a hybrid character and the InterAgency Institute participated remotely.

da Silva Costa, Carlos Filipe

Artificial intelligence (AI), or behind this branding name, Machine Learning (ML), is a disruptive technology. AI is the technology for big data, specially designed and fitted to extract information from a large amount of data. AI is said to be the next economy, more extensive than the car industry. However, its fast adoption is not without consequences. Like every new technology, it comes with benefits and threats (internal and external). AI itself creates specific categories of threats, such as the "deepfake" and bots’ propaganda used for disinformation campaigns. The utilization of AI is also subject to cyber threats, as malevolent actors can mitigate its intrinsic learning abilities. The European Union's situation on the world stage is behind other competitors. However, European leaders acknowledge the importance of having an ambitious strategy to reach AI global competitors and ensure AI sovereignty and thus citizen protection. But are the measures efficient enough to protect citizens, and is this the right path after all?

Moreira dos Santos Pires, Verônica

A nova conjuntura, protagonizada pela pandemia por COVID-19, tem ceifado inúmeras vidas e, como se não bastasse, vem causando outros tantos estragos, muitos deles inimagináveis, como por exemplo, o aumento exponencial das agressões físicas e/ou verbais, incluindo variadas formas de assédio via internet, contra asiáticos, em vários países. De acordo com Jianhua Xu, do Departamento de Sociologia da Universidade de Macau, o estigma contra falantes da língua chinesa não é recente, mas ganhou novo gatilho com a pandemia. Sob forma de responsabilização pela origem do novo coronavírus e, consequentemente, pelo seu espalhamento, são estigmatizados desde residentes da cidade de Wuhan (primeiro epicentro da pandemia), de Hubei (província na qual a cidade de Wuhan está localizada), chineses do continente, chineses em geral, e mesmo pessoas cuja aparência remeta a uma origem asiática. Na pesquisa dos estudiosos de Macau, publicada em janeiro de 2021, além do medo de contrair o vírus, são fatores de discriminação a cultura alimentar, a ideologia política, o racismo e o costume de usar máscara, independentemente de sua obrigatoriedade. (1)

Moreira dos Santos Pires, Verônica

The new situation brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic has reaped many lives and, above all, has caused other never-before imagined damages, such as a large increase in physical and/or verbal aggression, including various means of harassment, against Asians via the internet in several countries. According to Jianhua Xu from the Department of Sociology at the University of Macau, the stigma against Chinese- speaking people is not recent but has gained renewed force in the wake of the pandemic. Accused of being responsible for the origin of the new coronavirus and, consequently, for its spread, the residents of the city of Wuhan (the first epicenter of the pandemic), Hubei (the province in which the city of Wuhan is located), and Mainland China as well as Chinese people and those individuals whose appearance denotes Asian origin in general have been stigmatized. Based on a survey by scholars in Macau, which was published in January 2021, apart from the fear of contracting the virus, there are other factors of discrimination, such as food culture, political ideology, racism, and the custom of wearing a mask, regardless of its mandatory nature.(

Medeiros, Sabrina Evangelista

The weakened control of the cyber domain by national institutions and international regimes represents an opportunity to circulate information and capital in an underhand manner, especially under emergencies like the Covid-19 pandemic. The circularity of information takes place intensively, while regulatory efforts take another step forward on the regulatory mechanisms of cyber interactions with the Paris Call initiative and corresponding working groups. But, though the incentives for a more intense economic fluidity with straightforward directives are under course, they cannot attend specifically human rights imbalances towards this scene. Whereas we should recognize the effort to make this environment socially harmonious, the way out for a more efficient response involves resilience plans, and the use of interdependence counterbalances to guarantee compliance with regulations that can directly affect human rights. On one side, the spreading working groups mechanism used by the Paris Call after-Covid-19 pandemic may be a way to surpass limited Global North achievements considering the multistakeholder approach, but also, the aggregation of Global South institutions to uphold the commitment to areas and interdependent nexuses still not covered. On the other, the initiative still misses individual and collective human rights on dimensions that cross the efforts undertaken.

Hryniewicz, Lygia

A feminização do mercado de trabalho é um fenômeno que vem se consolidadando a cada década. Dois fatores foram primordiais para que as mulheres entrassem em massa no mercado trabalho: a queda nas taxas de fecundidade e o aumento das taxas de escolaridade femininas (IPEA, 2009). Desde então, os movimentos de mulheres e as políticas públicas foram importantes para combater as desigualdades em termos de empregabilidade, ocupações e renda entre mulheres e homens. Mas, como observaremos nos próximos parágrafos, a desigualdade entre os sexos segue merecedora de destaque.

Becker, Luzia Costa

Os fluxos migratórios, fenômenos que acompanham a humanidade desde os seus primórdios, aumentaram bastante na última década devido a crise dos refugiados. Enquanto o migrante muda-se para outro país por escolha pessoal tendo como um dos objetivos a busca por melhores condições de vida, no caso do refugiado, a mudança ocorre por causa de ameaça direta ligada a situações de violência como guerras e conflitos de ordem política e religiosa. Apesar de vários deles deixarem seus países com a intenção de voltar aos seus locais de origem após o fim dos conflitos, o tempo vivido na condição de refugiado pode ultrapassar vinte anos. Daí a importância de uma política de migração, asilo e integração, com base nos Direitos Humanos, que assegure ao migrante e ao refugiado o direito de serem acolhidos e incluídos no destino escolhido para salvaguarda de sua existência. Esse é ainda o desafio de vários países, em específico, dos países que integram a União Européia em processo de consolidação do seu território após a liberalização das fronteiras internas.

Becker, Luzia Costa

The migratory flows, a phenomenon that has occurred since the beginning of humanity, have increased significantly in the last decade due to the refugee crisis. While the migrant moves to another country by choice, having as one of his/her purposes the search for better living conditions, the refugee moves because of a direct threat linked to situations of violence such as wars and political and religious conflicts. Although many of them leave their countries with the expectation of returning to their places of origin after the end of the conflicts, the time spent as a refugee can exceed twenty years. Therefore, it is important to have a migration, asylum, and integration policy, based on human rights, that assures to the migrant and the refugee the right to be welcomed and included in the chosen destination to safeguard their existence. This is still the challenge for several countries, especially for countries that are part of the European Union and are still in the process of consolidating their territory after the liberalization of internal borders.

Piccolli, Larlecianne

In the history of warfare, the emergence of weapon systems with innovative technologies is known to promote changes in the Armed Forces. Beyond this process, such devices also function as catalysts for new perceptions within the military on the conduct of war, the ways of achieving victory, logistics options, and more. This policy brief aims to explore the relationship between technological innovation - in the form of disruptive technology - and doctrine change. Thus, we seek to analyze the AVTM-300 Tactical Cruise Missile (TCM), within the Astros 2020 Program, as an element of disruptive innovation, evaluating its implications for Brazilian Army doctrine formulation.

Dionísio da Silva, Daniele

In the 1980s, with the technological evolution for exploration of the marine environment and implementing the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, new concepts of sovereignty and rights of sovereignty over maritime areas were introduced. Thereby, many countries started to think about the marine environment strategically apart from their terrestrial environment and consider the maritime security issues in their public policies. In the past, maritime security issues were focused exclusively on the maintenance of maritime trade in wartime. Nowadays, marine resources exploration and management of the maritime environment in times of peace can be added. Furthermore, in the XXI century, there are multiple maritime security concepts outlined by diverse actors, not only security and defense departments. This multiplicity of voices ends up in different forms of actions, sometimes aligned, sometimes conflicting, but rarely efforts with an integrated conception. One of the most common approaches division of maritime security concept would be safety actions or security actions. I can highlight topics related to safety, such as marine search and rescue, certification and inspection of ships, protection of the marine environment, elaboration of navigation rules, all related to the guarantee of navigation and human life. This approach is related to actions done without the "use of force." On the other hand, topics related to security are related to activities done with the possibility of the "use of force" to secure or defend people, goods, equipment, ships, and installations. But, nowadays, this more common division presents difficulties in delimiting actions to combat criminal activities at sea, even in countries like Brazil where the Navy is at the same time the Maritime Authority responsible for safety and actor that projects seapower being accountable for security.